Associations between inflammatory bowel disease and risks of low 5-minute Apgar score and congenital abnormalities in living singletons born to Danish National Birth Cohort mothers, 1996–2003.

RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval.
All estimates were adjusted for maternal age (≤25, 26–30, 31–35, >35 years), parity (0, 1, ≥2), socioeconomic status (6 categories: master’s degree or higher and currently employed, or leader of a business with ≥10 employees; bachelor’s degree and currently employed, or leader of a business with <10 employees; skilled worker (completed vocational training with apprenticeship) and currently employed; unskilled worker or unemployed (short-term); current student; unemployed (long-term)), pre-pregnancy BMI (<20, 20–25, >25), and smoking (non-smoker, smoker) and alcohol consumption (non-drinker, <1 drink/week, ≥1 drink/week) during pregnancy. The congenital abnormality estimates were additionally adjusted for maternal folic acid use in the period from 4 weeks before conception to 8 weeks after conception (any use/no use).
a Congenital abnormalities defined as major by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and/or EUROCAT. See Supplemental Digital Content for a list of conditions included.
Associations between inflammatory bowel disease and risks of low 5-minute Apgar score and congenital abnormalities in living singletons born to Danish National Birth Cohort mothers, 1996–2003.