Pancreatic cancer cells render metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages through a GARP-dependent and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism

We performed whole genome RNA expression analysis by RNA sequencing on M0, M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages, respectively, comparing to those following co-culturing with human PDA tumor cells.We focused on the genes in the glucose metabolism pathway and oxidative phosphorylation pathway that were found to be methylated and downregulated in CAFs after co-culturing with PDA tumor cells in our previous experiment. We found that PDA tumor cells induce downregulation of metabolism genes selectively in M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages. Overall design: Demonstrate the metabolic reprogramming of PDA cells on M0, M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages.