PHYTOLITH, PROTEIN, AND ORGANIC RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF STONE COMBS FROM THE UPPER SAN PEDRO VILLAGE (AZ EE:12:60), SOUTHERN ARIZONA

Three “stone combs” from three different features from the Upper San Pedro Village (AZ EE:12:60) in southern Arizona were submitted for phytolith, protein, and organic residue analysis to determine the materials processed by these tools (Table 1). These analyses were undertaken in an effort to provide information that would indicate their function. Since possible “hafting” areas were visible on at least two of the three tools, protein and organic residue analysis were performed on both the “hafted” and “comb” portions. Examination of the two separate areas might suggest the possible handle and hafting materials used, as well as the materials processed with the utilized edge of the tool. The stone combs also were analyzed for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, phytolith analysis and/or visual inspection of the entire surface of each tool was performed. Given the visible polish on these tools, the presence of phytoliths and perhaps calcium oxalates is possible, and this additional information could help indicate the function of these tools.