In animals, events occurring early in life can have profound effects on subsequent life-history events. Early developmental stresses often produce negative long-lasting impacts, although positive effe
Immunity changes through ontogeny and can mediate facilitative and inhibitory interactions among co-infecting parasite species. In amphibians, most immune memory is not carried through metamorphosis,
In order to investigate how the immune genes might be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying schizophrenia, we induced immune activation twice in mice, first time during mid-late fetal develop
Chronic stress during pregnancy is considered a significant risk factor that can negatively affect the development of organs and systems in offspring. The spleen, as a central immune organ, is particu