森林草原火灾辨识、预测与火行为

1、森林火灾的基础研究处于能源、资源与环境、人口与健康三大领域的交叉点上，涉及林学、数学、物理、化学与生命科学等基础科学，木材学、工程热物理、材料科学、信息科学等技术科学，以及专家系统、决策理论等管理科学的交叉。森林防火属于林学中森林保护学领域。本项目由中国林科院森林生态环境与保护研究所主持，中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室、清华大学工程力学系等单位参加，总经费350万元，执行期5年。 2、本项目研究建立了林火碳释放量计算模型，成功计算出中国森林火灾碳排放量 研究并建立了我国森林火灾发生情况和南方涛动指数与太阳黑子之间的关系模型，对1950—2002年中国林火统计资料分析研究，揭示出中国和黑龙江省森林火灾发生规律及其影响因子 对火旋风现象开展了大量理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究，成功建立了火墙式火旋风物理模型，研究了火旋风的温度和旋转速度、结构和持续性、稳定性和能量、火焰进动与压制、诱发机理等重要问题，对多火点相互作用及其诱发火旋风的规律开展了大量实验，揭示出多火点发生合并的临界条件，建立了利用火点燃烬时间定量表征火点相互作用的理论方法，揭示出在不同外部条件下多火点诱发火旋风的规律 研究了中国森林火灾自组织临界性，揭示出森林火灾的幂律分布及其尺度不变性和时间不变性等特征，构建出考虑降水、火灾扑救、树木抗火性等火灾抑制因素的森林火灾模型。 3、对森林可燃物的热解过程开展了实验研究，成功构建了空气气氛下森林可燃物热解的分阶段一级反应模型。发现了森林可燃物热解动力学参数补偿效应。将Gauss平滑算法首次引入森林可燃物热解数据预处理中，成功提出了森林可燃物热解数据双段平滑策略 运用大型燃烧风洞和多功能林火蔓延实验台，成功开展了典型可燃物在不同坡度、风速条件下的火蔓延特性实验研究，建立了一整套林火行为数值预报的尺度自适应数值计算方法，可综合考虑地形、植被、风速的变化，并有效改善了计算精度和速度的平衡性，实现了大范围林区三维地形条件下林火蔓延动态仿真。

1. Basic research on forest fires lies at the intersection of three major fields: energy, resources and environment, population and health. It involves cross-disciplinary research across basic sciences including forestry, mathematics, physics, chemistry and life sciences, technical sciences such as wood science, engineering thermophysics, materials science and information science, as well as management sciences like expert systems and decision theory. Forest fire prevention falls within the scope of forest protection in forestry. This project is led by the Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, with participants including the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science at the University of Science and Technology of China, the Department of Engineering Mechanics at Tsinghua University, and other institutions. The total funding amounts to 3.5 million yuan, with a 5-year implementation period.
2. This project developed a calculation model for forest fire carbon release, and successfully calculated the carbon emissions from forest fires in China. A relationship model between the occurrence of forest fires in China, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and sunspots was established. Through analysis of statistical data on Chinese forest fires from 1950 to 2002, the laws of forest fire occurrence and their influencing factors in China and Heilongjiang Province were revealed. Extensive theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and experimental studies were conducted on the fire whirl phenomenon, and a physical model for wall-type fire whirls was successfully established. Key issues including the temperature, rotational speed, structure, persistence, stability and energy of fire whirls, flame precession and suppression, and induction mechanisms were investigated. A large number of experiments were carried out on the interaction between multiple fire spots and the laws of fire whirls induced by them, revealing the critical conditions for the merging of multiple fire spots. A theoretical method was established to quantitatively characterize the interaction between fire spots using the fire burnout time, and the laws of fire whirls induced by multiple fire spots under different external conditions were uncovered. The self-organized criticality of forest fires in China was studied, and the characteristics of forest fires such as power-law distribution, scale invariance and temporal invariance were revealed. A forest fire model was constructed that incorporates fire suppression factors including precipitation, fire suppression efforts and tree fire resistance.
3. Experimental studies were conducted on the pyrolysis process of forest fuels, and a staged first-order reaction model for forest fuel pyrolysis under air atmosphere was successfully developed. The compensation effect of pyrolysis kinetic parameters for forest fuels was discovered. The Gaussian smoothing algorithm was introduced into the preprocessing of forest fuel pyrolysis data for the first time, and a two-stage smoothing strategy for forest fuel pyrolysis data was successfully proposed. Using a large-scale combustion wind tunnel and a multi-functional forest fire spread experimental bench, experimental studies on the fire spread characteristics of typical fuels under different slope and wind speed conditions were successfully carried out. A complete set of scale-adaptive numerical calculation methods for numerical prediction of forest fire behavior was established, which can comprehensively consider changes in terrain, vegetation and wind speed, effectively improve the balance between calculation accuracy and speed, and realize dynamic simulation of forest fire spread under three-dimensional terrain conditions in large-scale forest areas.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦森林草原火灾的基础研究，涵盖林火碳释放量计算、火旋风现象及森林火灾自组织临界性等多学科交叉内容，由中国林科院等机构联合完成，数据完全公开。