DataSheet_1_Morbid liver manifestations are intrinsically bound to metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake based on a machine-learning cluster analysis.pdf

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important medical problems around the world. Identification of patient´s singular characteristic could help to reduce the clinical impact and facilitate individualized management. This study aimed to categorize MetS patients using phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health check-ups of individuals considered to have high cardiovascular risk. The selected markers to categorize MetS participants included anthropometric variables as well as clinical data, biochemical parameters and prescribed pharmacological treatment. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with a subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis using the z-scores from factor analysis. The first step identified three different factors. The first was determined by hypercholesterolemia and associated treatments, the second factor exhibited glycemic disorders and accompanying treatments and the third factor was characterized by hepatic enzymes. Subsequently four clusters of patients were identified, where cluster 1 was characterized by glucose disorders and treatments, cluster 2 presented mild MetS, cluster 3 presented exacerbated levels of hepatic enzymes and cluster 4 highlighted cholesterol and its associated treatments Interestingly, the liver status related cluster was characterized by higher protein consumption and cluster 4 with low polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This research emphasized the potential clinical relevance of hepatic impairments in addition to MetS traditional characterization for precision and personalized management of MetS patients.

代谢综合征（MetS）是全球范围内最为重要的医疗问题之一。识别患者的独特特征有助于降低临床影响并促进个体化管理。本研究旨在利用个体健康检查中常规收集的表型及临床变量对代谢综合征患者进行分类。用于分类代谢综合征参与者的指标包括人体测量学变量以及临床数据、生化参数和处方药物治疗。研究首先进行了探索性因素分析，随后利用因素分析的z分数进行层次聚类分析。第一步确定了三个不同的因素。第一个因素由高胆固醇血症及其相关治疗决定，第二个因素表现为血糖紊乱及其伴随治疗，第三个因素则以肝酶为特征。随后，识别出四个患者群体，其中聚类1以葡萄糖紊乱及其治疗为特征，聚类2表现为轻度代谢综合征，聚类3呈现肝酶水平升高，聚类4则突出胆固醇及其相关治疗。值得注意的是，与肝脏状况相关的聚类群体表现出较高的蛋白质摄入量，而聚类4则表现出低多不饱和脂肪酸摄入。本研究强调了肝脏损伤在代谢综合征传统特征之外对精确和个性化管理代谢综合征患者的潜在临床相关性。