Data associated with "Climate-linked escalation of societally disastrous wildfires".

The folder contains data used in the analysis of wildfire disasters."disasters_major_minor.csv" is the harmonised dataset that resulted primarily from EM-DAT and NatCatSERVICE. NatCatSERVICE was provided to us by Munich Re under a contractual agreement preventing us from sharing it. Thus, when loss estimates were based solely on NatCatSERVICE, those estimates have been redacted. The file contains columns denoting whether they were major economic events (defined as top 200, measured relative to contemporaneous GDP) or major fatality events (&gt;= 10 fatalities). These columns define the major events used throughout most of the analysis."Spatial data" folder contains spatial datasets, including:biomes ["Ecoregions2017"] (1)population density, from Global Human Settlement Layer ["Gridded Population_GHSL"] (2)the locations of major disasters ["Major disaster spatial locations"],fire metrics derived from MODIS active fires ["MODIS_global_active_fires"] (3) and the Global Fire Assimilation System ["GFAS data"] (4).rasters of Gross Domestic Product ["Gridded GDP"] (5)rasters of the wildland-urban interface ["WUI"] (6)"Disaster_weather" folder contains:time series of fire-relevant weather metrics from 1979-2023, derived from ERA5 reanalysis (7)."EMDAT" folder contains:original EM-DAT dataset used, which is also publicly available at https://www.emdat.be/References:.E. Dinerstein<i> et al.</i>, An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. <i>BioScience</i> <b>67</b>, 534-545 (2017).M. Schiavina<i> et al.</i>, GHSL data package 2022. <i>Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg</i>, (2022).MODIS Collection 6 Hotspot / Active Fire Detections MCD14ML distributed from NASA FIRMS. Available on-line https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms. doi:10.5067/FIRMS/MODIS/MCD14ML.J. W. Kaiser<i> et al.</i>, Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power. <i>Biogeosciences</i> <b>9</b>, 527-554 (2012).M. Kummu, M. Kosonen, S. Masoumzadeh Sayyar, Downscaled gridded global dataset for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita PPP over 1990–2022. <i>Scientific Data</i> <b>12</b>, 178 (2025).B. Chen<i> et al.</i>, Wildfire risk for global wildland–urban interface areas. <i>Nature Sustainability</i> <b>7</b>, 474-484 (2024).H. Hersbach<i> et al.</i>, The ERA5 global reanalysis. <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i> <b>146</b>, 1999-2049 (2020).