Model 2: Structural invariance tests.

Estimates of the GOF indices for the structural invariance (group variance-covariance and latent means) tests for model 2, for gender, age group, highest educational degree, and religious (un)affiliation. In this table, “metric” refers to a metric-invariant model (thresholds νg and loadings Λg constrained to be equal across groups; intercepts τg free across groups); “var.cov” refers to a metric-invariant model in which the variance-covariance matrices of the latent variables Φg are also constrained to be equal across the groups; “scalar” refers to a scalar-invariant model (thresholds νg, loadings Λg and intercepts τg constrained to be equal across the groups); and “means” refers to a scalar-invariant model in which the latent means κg were also constrained to be equal across the groups.