VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, HORMONAL REGULATION AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES

This article examines the contemporary relevance of vitamin D deficiency, focusing on its pathophysiological mechanisms and its interaction with the endocrine system. The metabolism of vitamin D, as well as the role of its biologically active form in regulating gene expression, is discussed based on current scientific evidence. Particular attention is given to metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with vitamin D deficiency, including disturbances in calcium–phosphorus homeostasis, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and insulin resistance. In addition, modern approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are outlined.