Stressful conditions experienced during early development can have deleterious effects on offspring morphology, physiology and behaviour. However, few studies have examined how developmental stress in
Regret can be defined as the subjective experience of recognizing that one has made a mistake and that a better alternative could have been selected. The experience of regret is thought to carry negat
n this file, 'choice' is a binary vector of the animals' choices (0 for a leftward and 1 for a rightward choice), 'rewards' is a two-column vector of the reward magnitudes (the left (right) column rep
In models of animal choice, individuals are expected to evaluate options in absolute terms and assign some intrinsic, fitness-related utility value to different options. These expectations are consist