Artificial Intelligence and University Governance: From Global Context to Colombian Ecosystem

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence poses unprecedented challenges for university governance, particularly in Latin America, where institutions lack their own regulatory frameworks. This article analyzes the historical evolution of AI, its worldwide governance, and the specific situation of Colombian universities, identifying epistemic gaps and contextualized development opportunities. A mixed design integrating bibliometric analysis (Scopus and Web of Science, n = 136 documents, 2021-2025) with documentary review of regulatory frameworks was employed, processed using R/Bibliometrix. The field exhibits exponential growth (annual rate 135.32%), with epistemic hegemony of the Global North (United States 19.9%, Spain 14.0%), thematic concentration on academic integrity, and absence of indexed Colombian contributions; eight thematic clusters were identified through keyword co-occurrence analysis. Contextualized governance is required that transcends academic fraud surveillance toward comprehensive frameworks addressing equity, privacy, algorithmic justice, and pedagogical autonomy, articulated with CONPES 4144.