Excess Winter Deaths

The Excess Winter Mortality Index (EWD Index) shows excess winter deaths as a Percentage Ratio of the number of deaths expected in the (eight) warmer months either side of Winter (01 December to 31 March). So the data’s yearly time period is from 01 August to 31 July the following year.

In other words, EWD is the ratio of extra deaths from all causes during the winter months compared to average non-winter deaths.

The EWD Index is partly dependent on the proportion of Older People in the population, as most excess winter deaths affect Older People.

This indicator covers all ages, but there is no standardisation in its calculation by age or any other factor. So figures for an area can be influenced for example by the proportion of Older People.

This dataset is updated annually. Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF), indicator 90360 / E14. Age breakouts, confidence intervals and metadata are shown on the PHE (PHOF) site.

超额冬季死亡率指数（EWD指数）以百分比比率展示了冬季（1月1日至3月31日）预期死亡人数与（八个月）温暖月份预期死亡人数之比。因此，该数据集的年度时间周期为从8月1日至次年的7月31日。换言之，EWD指数反映了与平均非冬季死亡人数相比，冬季所有原因导致的额外死亡比率。EWD指数在一定程度上依赖于人口中老年人的比例，因为大部分超额冬季死亡都影响老年人。本指标涵盖了所有年龄段，但在其计算过程中并未按年龄或其他因素进行标准化。因此，某一地区的统计数据可能会受到例如老年人比例等因素的影响。该数据集每年更新一次。数据来源：健康改善与差异办公室（OHID）公共卫生结果框架（PHOF），指标90360 / E14。年龄分布、置信区间和元数据可在PHE（PHOF）网站上查看。