Simulated trait data for convergence analyses

Tests of phenotypic convergence can provide evidence of adaptive evolution, and the popularity of such studies has grown in recent years due to the development of novel, quantitative methods for identifying and measuring convergence. These methods include the commonly applied C1–C4 measures of Stayton (2015), which measure morphological distances between lineages, and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model-fitting analyses, which test whether lineages converged on shared adaptive peaks. We test the performance of C-measures and other convergence measures under various evolutionary scenarios and reveal a critical issue with C-measures: they often misidentify divergent lineages as convergent. We address this issue by developing novel convergence measures— Ct1–Ct4-measures —that calculate distances between lineages at specific points in time, minimizing the possibility of misidentifying divergent taxa as convergent. Ct-measures are most appropriate when focal lineages are of the same or similar geo..., This Dryad submission includes many simulated datasets and a Wolfram's Mathematica notebook with a custom script used to produce the simulations. See the README file, included Mathematica file, and associated publication for more information. , , # Simulated trait data for convergence & divergence analyses

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4sh](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.34tmpg4sh)

This Dryad submission includes many simulated datasets and a Wolfram's Mathematica notebook with a custom script used to produce the simulation. Each dataset includes six simulated phenotypic trait values for 201 taxa. For 13 focal taxa (representing five monophyletic clades) for which we simulated convergence or divergence, some or all traits (between two and six of the six total) were evolved to trait optima (targets) via an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process (alpha = 0.1, sigma = 0.1). For convergence simulations, the 13 focal taxa were evolved to the same trait optimum. For divergence simulations (file names start with \"divBase\"), the five clades were evolved to different optima. See our included Mathematica notebook and our associated publication for more details on how the traits were simulated.

## Description of the data and file stru...