Detroit Area Study, 1995: Social Influence on Health: Stress, Racism, and Health Protective Resources

This survey explored the ways in which social influences, such as stress and racism, affected health, and the impact these influences had on the respondents' outlook on life. Respondents were questioned about their health status and their exercise, smoking, sleeping, and dieting habits, as well as about diagnosed health problems and depression and their effects on daily activities. Respondents were also asked a series of questions regarding their employment status, type of job and whether it was a supervisory position, the racial makeup of their workgroup, their perceptions of their position and job, the likelihood of their finding another job, hassles experienced while at work, and whether they had any trouble balancing family and work. Another series of questions asked respondents whether they had been a victim of a serious physical attack or assault, robbery, or home burglary, if they had ever been unfairly searched, stopped, or questioned by police, why they felt they had been treated this way, and if they felt they had ever been treated unfairly by a teacher, landlord, or neighbor. Opinions were also solicited on the respondents' experience with depression and anxiety. Respondents were asked whether they felt it was possible to reach their goals, how satisfied they were with their present situation, how often they felt depressed and how long this feeling lasted, whether they lost weight or sleep due to this feeling, how this feeling of depression made them view themselves, how often and how long they were worried about things that were not likely to happen, how often they worried about non-serious things, and how they felt physically when they were anxious or depressed. Another set of questions queried respondents on alcohol and drug use. Respondents were asked how often they drank alcohol, the most they had to drink at one time, whether they had experienced any addiction to alcohol or experienced any emotional or psychological problems associated with drinking, whether they had any problem controlling their drinking, whether they had used drugs outside of a doctor's order, what types of drugs they had used, how often and in what type of situations they had used these drugs, and whether they had any addiction to the drugs. Respondents were also asked whether they had a regular doctor, whether they went to a doctor's office or clinic to seek medical attention, the last time they had gone for a checkup, how they were treated by staff at the visit, whether they trusted their doctor, the reasons why they did or did not receive medical attention, and whether they had health insurance. Respondents were also asked for their perceptions of differences between Blacks and whites, attitudes toward affirmative action with regard to employment, and their attitude toward interracial relationships. Another battery of questions queried respondents on any fears or phobias they had, such as a fear of animals, water, or visiting a doctor or dentist. Questions focused on the severity of these fears, how long they had had these fears, and how much these fears interfered in daily activities. A final set of questions gathered demographic information on respondents such as highest level of education completed, political affiliation, religious affiliation, level of religious participation, importance of religion, birth date, whether they owned their own home or rented, how much they spent on food each week, total family income for the year 1994, and the height and weight of respondents.

本调研深入探讨了社会影响，如压力和种族主义，对健康的影响，以及这些影响对受访者生活观的影响。受访者被询问了他们的健康状况以及他们的运动、吸烟、睡眠和饮食习惯，以及已诊断的健康问题、抑郁症及其对日常活动的影响。受访者还被询问了一系列关于他们就业状况、工作类型以及是否为管理职位、工作团队的种族构成、他们对自身职位和工作的认知、找到另一份工作的可能性、工作中遇到的困扰以及他们在平衡家庭和工作方面是否遇到困难的问题。另一系列问题询问了受访者是否曾遭受严重的身体攻击或袭击、抢劫或家庭盗窃，是否曾遭受不公平的搜查、拦截或警察的盘问，他们为何认为自己受到这样的对待，以及他们是否曾感到自己被教师、房东或邻居不公平对待。此外，还征求了受访者对抑郁症和焦虑症经历的看法。受访者被问及他们是否觉得实现目标是有可能的，他们对当前状况的满意度如何，他们感到抑郁的频率以及这种情绪持续的时间，他们是否因这种情绪而体重减轻或睡眠不足，这种抑郁情绪如何让他们看待自己，他们担心不太可能发生的事情的频率和持续时间，他们担心非严重事物的频率，以及他们在焦虑或抑郁时身体感觉如何。另一组问题调查了受访者的酒精和药物使用情况。受访者被问及他们饮酒的频率，一次最多喝多少，他们是否曾经历酒精成瘾或与饮酒相关的情感或心理问题，他们是否在控制饮酒方面存在问题，他们是否在医生的处方外使用药物，他们使用过哪些类型的药物，他们使用这些药物的频率和在何种情况下使用，以及他们是否对药物成瘾。受访者还被问及他们是否有固定的医生，他们是否曾去诊所寻求医疗帮助，他们上次进行体检的时间，他们在访问期间受到的待遇，他们是否信任他们的医生，他们为何或为何没有接受医疗帮助，以及他们是否有健康保险。受访者还被问及他们对黑人白人之间差异的看法，关于就业的肯定行动态度，以及他们对跨种族关系的看法。另一系列问题调查了受访者是否有过恐惧或恐惧症，如对动物、水或访问医生或牙医的恐惧。这些问题集中在这些恐惧的严重程度、他们拥有这些恐惧的时间长度以及这些恐惧在日常活动中造成的干扰程度。最后一组问题收集了受访者的人口统计信息，如完成的教育最高水平、政治隶属关系、宗教隶属关系、宗教参与程度、宗教的重要性、出生日期、他们是否拥有自己的房子或租房、他们每周在食物上的花费、1994年的家庭总收入，以及受访者的身高和体重。