Genome-wide activation of a glioma cancerous transcription program and super-enhancers by a single enhancer HOXDeRNA [ChiRP-Seq]

A growing number of studies describe multiple functions of lncRNAs in chromatin that support their active roles in normal and disease-specific gene expression. We identified a specific enhancer-associated LINC01116 (named HOXDeRNA), which targeted activation transformed human astrocytes into glioma-like cells. Using a combination of RNA-Seq, ChIRP-Seq, and ChIP-Seq, we defined the transcriptomic and epigenetic changes underlying the transformation. We demonstrate that HOXDeRNA binds in trans to the promoters of 44 glioma-specific transcription factors distributed throughout the genome and derepresses them by removing the Polycomb 2 complex. This process is mediated by the RNA G-quadruplex structure of HOXDeRNA. Moreover, HOXDeRNA-induced astrocyte transformation is accompanied by the activation of glioma-specific super-enhancers enriched for binding sites of glioma master transcription factors SOX2 and OLIG2, and multiple oncogenes such as EGFR, PDGFR, BRAF, and miR-21. Our results help reconstruct the sequence of events underlying the process of astrocyte transformation and suggest a driving role of HOXDeRNA eRNA in gliomagenesis. ChiRP-Seq were performed on Glioma Stem Cells (GBM4, GBM6, GBM8) and HOXDeRNA-activated astrocytes to capture all direct interactions between the HOXDeRNA and genomic DNA