Enterococcus faecalis was responsible for the second stage of bioconversion from Uro-C to Uro-A after FOS plus EA intervention.

To explore the specific bacteria response for converting Uro-C into Uro-A, we conducted a mice experiment supplemented with Uro-C (0.06%) for 14 days. We continuously monitored the fecal levels of Uro-C and Uro-A and found the presence of the Uro-A in mouse feces at day 8. We compared the fecal microbial communities before and after Uro-C intervention and identified 18 significantly increased operational taxonomic unit (OTUs), with the most significant growth of Enterococcus. The results suggested that Enterococcus or Enterococcus faecalis may be the key bacterium capable of metabolizing Uro-C to Uro-A.