DataSheet1_Exploring the multifaceted bioactivities of Lavandula pinnata L. essential oil: promising pharmacological activities.docx

Introduction: This study investigates the biological activities of Lavandula pinnata essential oil (LPEO), an endemic lavender species from the Canary Islands, traditionally used in treating various ailments.Methods: LPEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, MIC, MBC, and MFC determination against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum) strains. Antidiabetic and anti-gout potential were investigated through α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. Antityrosinase activity was determined using a modified dopachrome method. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468), liver (HepG2), colon (HCT-15) cancer cells, and normal cells (PBMCs).Results and discussion: LPEO exhibits potent antiradical activity (IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL) and significant antioxidant capacity (TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34 μg AA/mg of EO). It demonstrates notable antibacterial activity against four strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with inhibition zones ranging from 18.70 ± 0.30 mm to 29.20 ± 0.30 mm, along with relatively low MIC and MBC values. LPEO displays significant antifungal activity against four strains (Candida glabrata, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum) with a fungicidal effect at 1 mg/mL, surpassing the positive control (cycloheximide), and MIC and MFC values indicating a fungicidal effect. It exhibits substantial inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme (IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90 μg/mL), comparable to allopurinol, and marked inhibitory effects on α-amylase (IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35 μg/mL) enzymes.The enzyme tyrosinase is inhibited by LPEO (IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08 mg/mL). LPEO displays moderate cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cells, with low toxicity towards normal cells (PBMC). LPEO exhibits greater selectivity than cisplatin for breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) cancer cells but lower selectivity for liver (HepG2) and metastatic breast (MDA-MB-468) cancer cells. These findings suggest the potential of LPEO as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-gout, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent.

引言：本研究旨在探讨加那利群岛特有香蜂草属植物 Lavandula pinnata 的精油（LPEO）的生物学活性，该精油传统上被用于治疗多种疾病。方法：通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取 LPEO，并采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）进行分析。通过 DPPH 自由基清除法和总抗氧化能力测定法评估其抗氧化活性。通过纸片扩散法、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）和最小杀菌浓度（MFC）的测定，评估其对细菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、黄杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌）和真菌（白念珠菌、红酵母菌、黑曲霉、黄曲霉）菌株的抗菌活性。通过 α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制试验研究其抗糖尿病和抗痛风潜力。利用改进的邻苯二酚法测定抗酪氨酸酶活性。通过 MTT 测定法对乳腺癌（MCF-7、MDA-MB-468）、肝脏（HepG2）、结肠（HCT-15）癌细胞以及正常细胞（PBMCs）的细胞毒性进行评估。结果与讨论：LPEO 表现出显著的抗自由基活性（IC50 = 148.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL）和显著的抗氧化能力（TAC = 171.56 ± 2.34 μg AA/mg EO）。它对四种菌株（金黄色葡萄球菌、黄杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌）表现出显著的抗菌活性，抑菌圈大小从 18.70 ± 0.30 mm 到 29.20 ± 0.30 mm 不等，同时具有相对较低的 MIC 和 MBC 值。LPEO 对四种菌株（白念珠菌、红酵母菌、黑曲霉和黄曲霉）表现出显著的抗真菌活性，在 1 mg/mL 浓度下具有杀菌作用，超过阳性对照（环己酰胺），且 MIC 和 MFC 值表明具有杀菌作用。它对黄嘌呤氧化酶酶的抑制作用显著（IC50 = 26.48 ± 0.90 μg/mL），与别嘌醇相当，并对 α-淀粉酶（IC50 = 31.56 ± 0.46 μg/mL）和 α-葡萄糖苷酶（IC50 = 58.47 ± 2.35 μg/mL）酶具有明显的抑制作用。酪氨酸酶被 LPEO 抑制（IC50 = 29.11 ± 0.08 mg/mL）。LPEO 对乳腺癌、肝脏和结肠癌细胞显示出中等程度的细胞毒性，而对正常细胞（PBMC）的毒性较低。LPEO 对乳腺癌（MCF-7）和结肠癌细胞（HCT-15）的选择性高于顺铂，但对肝脏癌细胞（HepG2）和转移性乳腺癌（MDA-MB-468）的选择性较低。这些发现表明 LPEO 作为抗氧化剂、抗菌剂、抗痛风剂、抗糖尿病剂和抗癌剂的潜力。