Chlorin Photosensitizers Sterically Designed To Prevent Self-Aggregation

The synthesis and photophysical evaluation of new chlorin derivatives are described. The Diels–Alder reaction between protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester and substituted maleimides furnishes endo-adducts that completely prevent the self-aggregation of the chlorins. Fluorescence, resonant light scattering (RLS) and 1H NMR experiments, as well as X-ray crystallographic have demonstrated that the configurational arrangement of the synthesized chlorins prevent π-stacking interactions between macrocycles, thus indicating that it is a nonaggregating photosensitizer with high singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and fluorescence (Φf) quantum yields. Our results show that this type of synthetic strategy may provide the lead to a new generation of PDT photosensitizers.