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The spread of many infectious diseases substantially relies on the aerosol transmission to respiratory tract. Here we design an intranasal mask comprising positively charged thermosensitive hydrogel and cell-derived microsized vesicles with viral receptor. The positively charged hydrogel intercepts the negatively charged viral aerosols, while the viral receptor on vesicles mediates the entrapment of viruses for inactivation. Upon displaying matched viral receptors, the intranasal masks protect nasal cavity and lung of mice from either severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or influenza A virus. With computerized tomography images of human nasal cavity, we further conduct computational fluid dynamics simulation and three-dimensional printing of an anatomically accurate human nasal cavity, which is connected to human lung organoids to integrate an human respiratory tract model. Both simulative and experimental results support the suitability of intranasal mask in humans, as the likelihood of viral respiratory infections induced by different variant strains is dramatically reduced.