Table_8_Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Shows Marked Shifts in the Multi-Omic Profiles of Porcine Post-weaning Diarrhea.xlsx

Weaning is the most critical phase in pig production and is generally associated with significant impacts on intestinal morphology, structure, physiology, and immune responses, which can lead to subsequent production inefficiencies such as decreases in growth and intake and increases in morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we attempted to explore the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and transcriptome in the jejunum, colon, liver, spleen, and oral mucosa in piglets with post-weaning diarrhea and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of FMT in piglets with post-weaning diarrhea. We found that FMT partially relieved the symptoms of diarrhea in piglets, and microbiota analysis results indicated that unclassified_f_Prevotellaceae was identified as an FMT-associated bacterial family at 66 day and that the Shannon index in the healthy group at 34, 38, and 66 days were higher than that at 21 day. Functional enrichment analysis of the oral mucosa, liver, jejunum, and colon showed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the terms metabolic process, immune response, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the enriched fecal metabolites focused mostly on apoptosis, beta-alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. We tried to detect specific “metabolite-bacterium” pairs, such as “g_Catenisphaera-stigmastentriol,” “p_Bacteroidetes-(6beta,22E)-6-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one,” and “g_Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group-stenocereol.” Overall, the present study provides a theoretical basis for the alleviation of weaning stress and contributes to the realization of effective and sustainable application of FMT in the pig production industry in the future.

断奶是养猪生产中最为关键的阶段，通常与肠道形态、结构、生理和免疫反应的显著影响相关联，这些影响可能导致后续生产效率的降低，如生长和摄入量的减少以及发病率和死亡率的增加。在本研究中，我们试图探讨粪便微生物群移植（FMT）对断奶后腹泻仔猪的粪便微生物群、粪便代谢物以及空肠、结肠、肝脏、脾脏和口腔黏膜的转录组的影响，并评估FMT在断奶后腹泻仔猪中的治疗潜力。我们发现，FMT在一定程度上缓解了仔猪的腹泻症状，微生物群分析结果显示，在66天时鉴定出未分类的_f_Prevotellaceae为与FMT相关的细菌家族，且在34、38和66天健康组的Shannon指数均高于21天。口腔黏膜、肝脏、空肠和结肠的功能富集分析表明，大部分差异表达基因（DEGs）富集于代谢过程、免疫反应和炎症反应等术语。此外，富集的粪便代谢物主要集中在细胞凋亡、β-丙氨酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢和鞘脂代谢等方面。我们尝试检测特定的“代谢物-细菌”对，例如“g_Catenisphaera-stigmastentriol”、“p_Bacteroidetes-(6beta,22E)-6-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one”和“g_Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group-stenocereol”。总体而言，本研究为缓解断奶应激提供了理论基础，并为未来在养猪生产行业中有效和可持续应用FMT奠定了基础。