Types and amounts of starches and phytolith on milling stones from the Xincun Site.

a)Stone tools 1–5, 9–11 from ancient living surface (ASL) 1; 6 &12 from ASL2; and 7 & 8 from ASL5, slightly earlier than 3,350-3,080a BC (BA090575).b)Starch types. a, palms; b, banana (Musa sp.); c, lotus (cf. Nelumbo nucifera); d, Chinese arrowhead (Sagittaria sp.); e, water chestnut (cf. Eleocharis dulcis); f, fern (Angiopteris sp.); g, Job's-tear (Coix spp); h, acorn (Quercus sp.); i, starch granules damaged and/or unidentifiable.c)Phytolith types.j, globular echinate type from palms; k, polygonal cone from sedge; l, elongate of triangular prism from fern; m, sum of bulliform, two-peak glume and bilobate from Oryza; n, bulliform echinate and long saddle types from bamboo; o, broadleaved-tree phytolith; p, reed bulliform; q, sum of other types including conifer-tree phytolith, rondel from other grasses, etc. The detailed data showed in Figure 7. r, unidentifiable phytoliths.