Replication Package for empirical panel study-Revised

Data availability statement The datasets underlying this study are publicly available from UNCTAD, IMF PortWatch, NOAA and ACLED, subject to the respective providers' access conditions and licensing requirements. The original replication package, containing the data-processing procedures, estimation code and results supporting the baseline analyses, is available through Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22254259. An updated replication package supporting the extended analyses—including post-COVID recovery, tropical cyclone exposure, geopolitical conflict sensitivity, and additional dynamic-panel robustness checks—is available through Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23831213. The updated analyses include exploratory specifications that do not establish causal identification. Their diagnostic limitations are documented in the supplementary materials.