基于潮位校正的中国潮间带模拟数据集

潮间带位于海洋和陆地的过渡地带，在生物多样性保护、社会经济发展以及全球环境变化等方面具有重要价值。该数据是以1995和2015年覆盖全国滨海的156景Landsat TM/OLI卫星影像为基础数据，综合遥感与地理信息系统方法，即对中国滨海根据验潮站进行分段，提取出每个岸段两景相邻时刻影像的水边线，推算出每个岸段的坡度，然后结合平均高潮潮位数据与平均低潮潮位数据以及过境时刻潮位，计算出高潮校正距离与低潮校正距离，反演了中国滨海潮间带的时空分布。结果表明：（1） 2015年中国潮间带总面积约为14193 km&sup2，其中潮间带分布面积最多的为福建省（19%），其次是辽宁省（15%）、山东省（14%）、江苏省（12%）和广东省（11%）；面积最小的是台湾省（2%）。（2） 1995~2015年全国潮间带面积净减少了1332 km&sup2 (约8.6%)。全国不同省市潮间带面积表现了增加与减少不同的趋势，其中潮间带面积减少最多的是浙江省，面积减少1189 km&sup2；江苏省潮间带面积由1995年的全国排名第1降低为第4。而福建省潮间带增加最多，达597 km&sup2。该数据集为矢量数据，存储为.shp格式，由1995和2015两个文件夹组成，其中每个文件按照行列号命名，共有1036个数据文件，数据量为34.1 MB（压缩为1个文件13.3 MB）。

The intertidal zone, a transition zone between marine and terrestrial environments, holds critical value for biodiversity conservation, socio-economic development, and studies of global environmental change.

This dataset was developed using 156 Landsat TM/OLI satellite images covering China's coastal regions in 1995 and 2015, integrating remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) methodologies. Specifically, China's coastal regions were segmented based on tide gauge stations; the waterlines from two adjacent images for each segment were extracted, and the slope of each coastal segment was derived. Subsequently, combined with mean high water (MHW), mean low water (MLW) and tidal levels at satellite overpass times, the high tide correction distance and low tide correction distance for each segment were calculated, and the spatio-temporal distribution of China's coastal intertidal zones was inverted.

The results show that: (1) The total area of China's intertidal zones in 2015 was approximately 14193 km², with Fujian Province hosting the largest intertidal area (19%), followed by Liaoning Province (15%), Shandong Province (14%), Jiangsu Province (12%) and Guangdong Province (11%); Taiwan Province had the smallest intertidal area (2%). (2) From 1995 to 2015, the total intertidal area of China decreased by 1332 km² (approximately 8.6%) in net terms. Intertidal areas across different provinces and municipalities in China exhibited divergent trends of increase and decrease. Zhejiang Province experienced the most substantial reduction in intertidal area, with a decrease of 1189 km²; Jiangsu Province's intertidal area fell from 1st to 4th place nationwide compared to its 1995 ranking. By contrast, Fujian Province saw the largest increase, with a gain of 597 km².

This dataset is vector data stored in .shp format, comprising two folders labeled 1995 and 2015. Each file is named according to its row and column numbers, with a total of 1036 data files. The uncompressed dataset size is 34.1 MB, while the compressed single file size is 13.3 MB.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是基于潮位校正的中国潮间带变化模拟数据集，覆盖1995年至2015年，使用Landsat TM影像和现场观测数据，通过地理信息系统方法分析中国沿海潮间带的时空分布。结果显示，2015年中国潮间带总面积约14193平方公里，1995-2015年间总面积减少8.6%，其中福建省潮间带面积增加最多，浙江省减少最多。数据集以矢量格式（.shp）存储，包含1995年和2015年两个年份的数据文件。