Zn and Immunity

Study Novelty 1. Identifying the Problem Zinc is a critical micronutrient that supports various biological activities, including signaling between cells, cell growth, activation, gene expression, protein creation, and apoptosis. Zinc deficiency can lead to an impairment of innate and adaptive immunity such as diminished antibody production, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and a reduction in CD4þ/ CD8þ ratios. This age-associated reduction in zinc levels can be attributed to a combination of age-related impairment of taste, insufficient dietary intake, detrimental subcellular and anatomical changes in the digestive tract, along polypharmacy 2. Exploring the Solution A systematic investigation of potential studies was performed on different e-databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Standard mean differences with 95% CI were used for aggregate variations in immune response biomarkers. A total of 15 studies encompassing 12,071 respondents were incorporated in the meta-analysis. Results indicate a marginal considerable decline in TNF- level (SMD = -0.3003; 95% CI: -0.6497 to 0.0491; p-value = 0.0921), hs-CRP (SMD = -0.4260; 95% CI: -0.8383 to -0.0138; p-value = 0.042) and marginal significant rise in neutrophil (SMD = 0.2895, with 95% CI: -0.0330 to 0.6120, p-value = 0.0785). However, Zn supplements didn’t effect significantly on leucocytes (SMD= 0.0527; 95% CI-0.1573 to 0.2627; p-value = 0.623), CD3 (SMD = 0.0026; 95% CI = -0.2879 to 0.2932; p-value = 0.98), lymphocytes (SMD = 0.1308; 95% CI: -0.0927 to 0.3543; p-value = 0.251), monocytes (SMD = 0.1120; 95% CI: -0.2011 to 0.4252; p-value = 0.4832), and CRP (SMD = -0.7874; 95% CI: -2.4372 to 0.8623; p-value=0.350). 3. Applying the Insights · Zn supplementation effectively reduces the levels of hs-CRP and may have marginal effects on reducing TNF-α and increasing the serum level of neutrophils among older adult individuals.