Fabrication of silver nanoparticle loaded into nanocellulose derived from hemp (HNC) and polyvinyl alcohol-based composite as electrode for electrochemical sensors for lactate determination

The hemp fiber successfully enhanced the electrochemical sensors performance of screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) for lactate detection. Initially, the hemp nanocellulose (HNC) was fabricated using alkali and acid treatment, followed by an in-situ self-reductions process of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increases the electrical conductivity of the HNC prior to forming the composites with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Then, it was drop-casted into the working electrodes (WEs) to enhanced the active surface area of SPGEs. Themorphologies and the chemical alterations of HNC-AgNPs/PVA composites were investigated by FESEM-EDX, mapping analysis, FT-IR, XRD, and the thermal withstanding was stable up to 450°C, confirmed by TGA. For electrochemical behavior, the 10.0wt%. HNC-AgNPs/PVA provided the high currents responses, verified by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with the standard redox couples {[Fe (CN)6]3-/4-}, For lactate detection, the lactate analyte was incubated with lactate oxidase before measuring with 10.0wt%. HNCs-AgNPs/PVA modified into SPGEs via amperometry. This sensor offered a 0 - 25 mM linearity with R2 at 0.9961. Ultimately, this sensor was successfully a feasible applied for the lactate detection and has great potential for practical use in the future.