Data_Sheet_2_Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria.docx

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.

抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是未来近段时间内对人类健康构成的最严重威胁之一。畜禽业在抗生素耐药细菌的出现、农场动物的肠道菌群失调，或人类关注的病原细菌中抗菌药物耐药性的传播等方面，扮演了重要的角色。针对这些负面影响，开发诸如益生菌等替代品，旨在在维持或提高生产水平的同时，减轻抗生素的负面效应。为此，我们在产蛋鸡的饲料中添加了具有潜在益生菌特性的肠球菌粪肠球菌UGRA10，其最终浓度为每克饲料含有108个菌落形成单位（CFU/g）。其效果通过以下方式进行分析：（i）研究回肠和盲肠微生物群对治疗的反应；（ii）分析对鸡蛋生产的影响。在实验期的后半段（第40至76天），摄入粪肠球菌UGRA10的鸡群保持了鸡蛋生产，而对照组的鸡蛋生产则有所下降。补充粪肠球菌UGRA10的饲料显著增加了产蛋鸡的回肠和盲肠细菌多样性（更高的细菌操作分类单元丰富度和Faith多样性指数），与摄入相同饲料的动物相比，其微生物组成具有更高的相似性。这些结果表明，粪肠球菌UGRA10对鸡蛋生产具有益处。未来的实验有必要揭示介导动物对这种治疗产生积极反应的潜在机制。