Temporal Dynamics of Macrophage Activation During <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi Infection: An Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis

<i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi (<i>S</i>. Typhi) is a major bacteria responsible for foodborne illnesses. This study employed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to investigate the response of macrophages infected with <i>S</i>. Typhi over a defined stage (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile gene expression changes, while untargeted metabolomics characterized metabolic shifts. Gene set enrichment and pathway analyses were conducted to identify key immune and metabolic pathways.