Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011 - Macedonia, FYR

Abstract
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The Republic of Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2011 was conducted as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). The survey was conducted in cooperation between UNICEF and the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia with the data collection being carried out by private research company IPSOS Strategic Puls. Financial and technical support was provided by UNICEF, with additional financial support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

The 2011 Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey primary objectives are:
- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Macedonia;
- To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Macedonia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems;
- To generate data on the situation of children and women, including the identification of vulnerable groups and of disparities, to inform policies and interventions.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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- Individuals
- Households

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members, all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household, and all children aged 2-9 years.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The primary objective of the sample design for the Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the eight regions (Vardar, East, Southwest, Southeast, Pelagonia, Polog, Northeast, Skopje) of the country. Urban and rural areas in each of the eight regions were defined as the sampling strata.

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The target national sample size for the Macedonia MICS was 4,703 households.

For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the incidence of stunting among children aged 0-4 years. The resulting number of households was 14520 households which is the sample size needed to provide sufficient number of children under 5 for drawing reliable conclusions. In order to reduce the sample size with keeping the estimation reliability for most of the indicators, the sample was divided into groups of households with children under 5 and households without children under 5. The average number of households selected per cluster for the Macedonia MICS was determined as 15 households, based on a number of considerations, including the design effect, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster.

In total, 300 clusters were allocated to the regions with the number of sample clusters proportional to the population of the individual regions.

The 2002 census frame was used for the selection of clusters. Census enumeration areas were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs), and were selected from each of the sampling strata by using systematic pps (probability proportional to size) sampling procedures, based on the estimated sizes of the enumeration areas from the 2002 Population Census. The first stage of sampling was completed by selecting the required number of enumeration areas from each of the eight regions separately by urban and rural strata.

Since the sampling frame (the 2002 Population Census) was not up-to-date, a new listing of households was conducted in all the sample numeration areas prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed, who visited each enumeration area, and listed the occupied households. Listing activities were conducted by the same company that was responsible for the data collection. The same teams that were selected for the data collection process were used for listing. The listing took place in February 2012. All teams were given the descriptions and maps of the selected clusters. The teams visited all households in the sample clusters asking for the number of members, number of women aged 15-49 and for number of children under age 5.

Lists of households with household members were prepared by the listing teams for each enumeration area. The number of selected households per enumeration area was different, depending on the total number inhabitants in the enumeration area and the number of households with children under 5 found in the enumeration area.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2011 - Final Report" pp.147-148.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes household listing form, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child labour and child discipline.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49, children under age five and children aged 2-9 years. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.

The women's questionnaire includes woman's background, child mortality, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, illness symptoms, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence, marriage/union, tobacco and alcohol use and life satisfaction.

The children's questionnaire includes child's age, birth registration, early childhood development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunization and anthropometry.

The questionnaire form for child disability contained the ten question module for identifying children with an increased risk of disability.

The questionnaire form for vaccinations at health facility was used to check the consistency in recording the immunizations between the documents kept in the health facilities and the immunization cards in the households.

The questionnaires were based on the MICS4 model questionnaire. From the MICS4 model English version, the questionnaires were customized, translated into Macedonian and Albanian, back translated into English, and pre-tested in Skopje in March 2011. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

In addition to the administration of the questionnaires, fieldwork teams measured the weights and heights of children under 5 years of age. Details and findings of these measurements are provided in the respective sections of the report.

Cleaning operations
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Data were entered using the CSPro software. The data were entered on 12 microcomputers and carried out by 20 data entry operators and 10 data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Macedonia questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began almost simultaneously with data collection in May 2011 and was completed in August 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate
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Of the 4,703 households selected for the sample, 4,397 were found to be occupied. Of these, 4018 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 91 percent. In the interviewed households, 4,024 women (aged 15-49 years) were identified as eligible. Of these, 3,831 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 95 percent within interviewed households. There were 1,398 children under age 5 listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 1,376 of these children yielding a response rate of 98 percent within interviewed households. Overall, response rates of 87 percent and 90 percent are calculated for the interviews with women and children under age 5.

Sampling error estimates
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The sample of respondents selected in the Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey is only one of the samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between the estimates from all possible samples. The extent of variability is not known exactly, but can be estimated statistically from the survey data.

The following sampling error measures are presented for each of the selected indicators:

- Standard error (se): Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of standard errors for particular indicators (means, proportions etc). Standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimate. The Taylor linearization method is used for the estimation of standard errors.
- Coefficient of variation (se/r) is the ratio of the standard error to the value of the indicator, and is a measure of the relative sampling error.
- Design effect (deff) is the ratio of the actual variance of an indicator, under the sampling method used in the survey, to the variance calculated under the assumption of simple random sampling. The square root of the design effect (deft) is used to show the efficiency of the sample design in relation to the precision. A deft value of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a deft value above 1.0 indicates an increase in the standard error due to the use of a more complex sample design.
- Confidence limits are calculated to show the interval within which the true value for the population can be reasonably assumed to fall, with a specified level of confidence. For any given statistic calculated from the survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error (r + 2.se or r – 2.se) of the statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

For the calculation of sampling errors from MICS data, SPSS Version 18 Complex Samples module has been used. The results are shown in the tables that follow. In addition to the sampling error measures described above, the tables also include weighted and unweighted counts of denominators for each indicator.

Sampling errors are calculated for indicators of primary interest, for the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the regions. Six of the selected indicators are based on household members, 10 are based on women and 18 are based on children under 5. All indicators presented here are in the form of proportions.

Data appraisal
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A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:

- Age distribution of the household population
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of children under 5 in household and children under 5 questionnaires
- Women’s completion rates by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completion rates for under-5 questionnaires by socio-economic characteristics of households
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness of information for anthropometric indicators
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements
- Observation of under-5’s birth certificates
- Observation of vaccination cards
- Presence of mother in the household and the person interviewed for the under-5 questionnaire
- Selection of children age 2–14 years for the child discipline module
- School attendance by single age

The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in appendix D in document "Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2011 - Final Report" pp.172-179.

摘要
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马其顿共和国多指标聚类调查（MICS）2011作为第四次全球MICS调查（MICS4）的组成部分而进行。该调查由联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）与马其顿公共卫生研究所合作开展，数据收集由私营研究公司IPSOS Strategic Puls实施。联合国儿童基金会提供了财务和技术支持，联合国人口基金（UNFPA）提供了额外的财务支持。

2011年马其顿多指标聚类调查的主要目标如下：
- 为评估马其顿儿童和妇女的状况提供最新信息；
- 提供监测千年宣言和其他国际共识目标进展所需的数据，作为未来行动的基础；
- 为改善马其顿的数据和监测系统做出贡献，并加强此类系统的设计、实施和分析的技术专长；
- 生成关于儿童和妇女状况的数据，包括识别脆弱群体和差异，以指导政策和干预措施。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

分析单位
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- 个人
- 家庭

总体
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调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员、所有15-49岁的妇女、所有居住在家庭中的5岁以下儿童以及所有2-9岁的儿童。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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马其顿多指标聚类调查样本设计的首要目标是产生对大多数指标在国家级、城市和农村地区以及该国八个地区（瓦尔达尔、东部、西南部、东南部、佩拉戈尼亚、波格、东北部、斯科普里）的统计上可靠的估计。

...

数据评估
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一系列数据质量表可用于审查数据质量，包括以下内容：
- 家庭人口年龄分布
- 符合条件和接受访谈的妇女年龄分布
- 家庭和5岁以下儿童问卷中5岁以下儿童的年龄分布
- 妇女完成率按家庭社会经济特征划分
- 5岁以下儿童问卷的完成率按家庭社会经济特征划分
- 报告的完整性
- 人体测量指标信息的完整性
- 人体测量测量中的累积
- 观察到5岁以下儿童的出生证明
- 观察到疫苗接种卡
- 家庭中母亲的存在以及接受5岁以下儿童问卷访谈的人
- 为2-14岁儿童选择儿童纪律模块
- 单个年龄的学校入学率

这些数据质量表的结果显示在文档“马其顿多指标聚类调查（MICS）2011 - 最终报告”的附录D中，第172-179页。