Data and Code for: Pharmaceutical Supply-Chain Concentration in Malaysia, 2010–2024

Data and code supporting a cross-layer empirical study of pharmaceutical supply-chain concentration in Malaysia, 2010–2024. Pairs upstream bulk-API import sourcing (UN Comtrade, HS 2936/2937/2941) with downstream drug-registration structure (NPRA registry, ~28,000 registrations) across 14 tracer molecules. Contents: NPRA registry snapshot, accessed 9 July 2026 (CC BY 4.0) Extracted UN Comtrade workbooks (upstream API sourcing and macro finished-goods layers) Full R analysis pipeline, numbered by run order All manuscript tables and figures (Tables 1–5, Figures 1–4) See README.md in this deposit for the full reproduction pipeline, data provenance, MD5 checksums, and known methodological limitations, including the finding that downstream registry HHI is arithmetically near-degenerate as an upstream sourcing proxy. Licensed under CC BY 4.0, consistent with the NPRA source data licence.