Sex-specific anti-inflammatory effects of a ketogenic diet in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease, shows sex differences in prevalence and severity. This study investigated the sex-specific effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on airway inflammation using a mouse model. Male and female mice were fed either a KD or normal chow and exposed to house dust mite allergens. Results revealed significant sex-diet interactions in lung immune cell populations, with males showing greater reductions in eosinophils, increased NKT cells, and decreased NK cells. These findings suggest KD influences lung immune responses differently in males and females, with stronger anti-inflammatory effects in males.