Heteroplasmic association with insulin (pmol/l) and glucose (mmol/l) fasting serum levels.

Fasting glucose, insulin and insulin∶glucose ratio (IGR) are regressed upon heteroplasmic status (univariate) and heteroplasmic status, age and BMI (multiple regression). β = regression beta coefficient; p = regression coefficient p-value. For example, these analyses indicate that the four individuals (2 concordant monozygotic twin pairs) that show heteroplasmy at HVII for both buccal and blood samples, have a mean raised insulin and glucose serum levels of 98.1 pmol/l and 1.2 mmol/l, respectively. Prevalence of heteroplasmy is reported for the trait Lower (insulin 9–47 pmol/l; glucose 4–5 mmol/l; IGR 0.02–0.11) and Upper quantiles (insulin 48–246 pmol/l; glucose 5–7.3 mmol/l; IGR 0.11–0.49).