EMISSION AND CRUST ENRICHMENT FACTORS FOR TRACE ELEMENTS (PM2.5) EMITTED BY THE VEHICLE FLEET IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Air pollution can cause several negative impacts on health and the environment. In large urban centers, this pollution is directly related to anthropogenic activities, mainly activities in the transportation sector. This study analyzed data on black carbon, fine particulate material (PM2.5) and its main trace elements from automotive vehicles (S, P, K, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Br and Pb), collected during a long sampling period, carried out in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. The filters used were analyzed by various analytical techniques, enabling the identification of the different elements present in the samples, their respective concentrations and the main sources of these pollutants and their contributions to the sampled total. Thus, it was possible to separate the total contributions of each source and use only the contributions of anthropogenic origin to define the emission factors (EF) and the crustal enrichment factors (EFc) for the different studied pollutants. We used these factors to compare different environments/studies. We chose two studies carried out previously, also in the MASP, in the Jânio Quadros (TJQ) and Rodoanel (TRA) tunnels, and found that these tunnels are respectively 2.3 and 3.8 times more polluted than the region from our study.