Neutrophil and endothelial cell membranes coassembled roflumilast nanoparticles attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

<b>Aim: </b>This study aimed to develop biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) of roflumilast (ROF) for attenuating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. <b>Materials &amp; methods: </b>We synthesized biomimetic ROF NPs and assembled ROF NPs in neutrophil and endothelial cell membranes (NE/ROF NPs). The physical properties of NE/ROF NPs were characterized and biological functions of NE/ROF NPs were tested <i>in vitro</i>. Targeting characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and safety of NE/ROF NPs were examined in mice model of MI/R. <b>Results: </b>NE/ROF NPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antiadhesion effects. Meanwhile, they was effective in reducingMI/R injury in mice. Furthermore, NE/ROF NPs exhibited stronger targeting capabilities and demonstrated good safety. <b>Conclusion: </b>NE/ROF NPs may be a versatile biomimetic drugdelivery system for attenuating MI/R injury.