High-frequency ultrasound as a quantifiable measurement tool in cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease: a scoping review

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has been proposed as a non-invasive technique to assess fibrosing skin diseases. Given the lack of objective tools to evaluate disease activity in sclerotic-type chronic GVHD (cGVHD), HFUS has gained interest as a potential method to quantify skin changes and guide treatment. Our search resulted in 25 articles, with 6 meeting inclusion criteria for the systematic review. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the clinical utility of HFUS in cutaneous cGVHD. The most common ultrasound findings described were increased dermal thickness, increased echogenicity and blurring of the dermal-hypodermal junction.