Neuropsychological performance of CBS patients compared to controls.

Patients with CBS were at least moderately impaired on neuropsychological testing. The ACE-R total and MMSE were significantly reduced in CBS patients compared to controls. Apart from Attention, all other ACE-R sub-scores were significantly reduced with the greatest decline from normal values seen in the Fluency and Visuospatial sub-scores. Formal neuropsychological evaluation confirmed impairment of memory, as well as visuospatial and executive impairment. Note: some tasks that required manipulation of a pencil, such as the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Trails, had to be abandoned in some CBS patients due to severe apraxia of the dominant limb. All data represented as median (minimum - maximum).