OBESITY INDICATORS AS RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION

Background: The global burden of diabetes and hypertension has risen sharply, establishing them as leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. Abdominal obesity indicators, such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), show a robust correlation with these disorders. Evidence suggests WC and WHR may be more effective predictors than body mass index (BMI). Aim and objectives: This study investigated the relationship between diabetes, hypertension, and various anthropometric parameters in adults aged 25–70 years. Objectives included quantifying BMI, WC, and WHR in adults with diabetes and/or hypertension, and evaluating the independent risk contributions of these measures. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at District Headquarter Hospital Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, enrolling 100 participants (25–70 years). Subjects were divided into four groups (n=25 each): diabetics with normal blood pressure, hypertensives without diabetes, those with both conditions, and healthy controls. Physical measurements (weight, height, BMI, WC, WHR), random blood sugar (RBS), and blood pressure were recorded. Statistical analysis used ANOVA. Results: Most participants were aged 41–50 years, with a higher proportion of females. Mean BMI was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in groups with diabetes and/or hypertension compared to controls. Mean WC and WHR were significantly elevated (p< 0.05) in the group with coexisting diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Central obesity indicators (BMI, WC, WHR) show a significant association with diabetes and hypertension, underscoring their importance in risk stratification and public health strategy development.