HISTORICAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMISTRY: MAIN DISCOVERIES AND CURRENT SCIENTIFIC DIRECTIONS

This article analyzes the stages of the formation and development of chemistry, its roots in ancient civilizations, philosophical and practical experiences in the era of alchemy, the influence of European scientific revolutions, and modern integration trends. It is revealed that chemistry has acquired a multidisciplinary nature at the present stage, in particular, it is inextricably linked with biology, physics, computer science and ecology. The article scientifically analyzes the theoretical views of Eastern and Western scientists, in particular, thinkers such as Jabir ibn Hayyan, Lavoisier, Mendeleev. The formation of the Uzbek school of chemistry, fundamental research of local scientists and its integration with the international scientific space are objectively assessed. During the study, open sources, modern scientific databases, historical and theoretical works and the scientific heritage of scientists of the Republic of Uzbekistan were deeply analyzed. The article aims to clarify the theoretical foundations, practical significance and future strategic directions of chemistry.