Demographic characteristics and outcome measures at baseline (N = 907).

Note. All differences between conditions were non-significant (p > 0.05). SD: standard deviation. HBO: Higher Professional Education. a Readiness to change alcohol consumption was assessed through one item asking the participants which statement applied best to them. Participants selecting “I want to reduce drinking alcohol within the upcoming six months” or “I want to reduce drinking alcohol within the upcoming month” were considered to be in the contemplation stage of change, meaning that they were willing to reduce their alcohol consumption in the near future. b The mean number of glasses of standard alcohol units consumed in the past seven days. c The number of days in the past week drinking five or more glasses of standard alcohol units per occasion. d Drinking > 14 and > 21 glasses of standard units of alcohol per week for females and males, respectively. One standard alcohol unit represents ten grams of ethanol.