Supplementary Material for: Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Medication Influence

Subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show decreased protein and transcript levels for mitochondrial complex I. In vitro results suggest antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs may be responsible. We measured complex I activity in BD, SZ, and controls and presence of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the mtDNA “common deletion” in the brain. Complex I activity in the prefrontal cortex was decreased by 45% in SZ compared to controls (p = 0.02), while no significant difference was found in BD. Complex I activity was significantly decreased (p = 0.01) in pooled cases (SZ and BD) that had detectable psychotropic medications and drugs compared to pooled cases with no detectable levels. Subjects with age at onset in their teens and psychotropic medications showed decreased (p p