<b>Effects and Mechanisms of Carbonation-Alkali Activation of Industrial Wastes in Soil Solidification</b>

The synergistic application of carbonation technology and industrial solid waste solidification demonstrates significant potential for permanent CO₂sequestration, resource-oriented solid waste utilization, and enhancement of mechanical properties in specialty soils. Mechanistic studies, including XRD and SEM characterization, confirmed that Mg²⁺ ions impede hydrated gel decalcification and carbonation processes, with inhibition intensity proportional to magnesium content. Based on these experimental results, we propose a microstructural evolution model that explains the CO₂ carbonation mechanisms in alkali-activated BFS/FA composite soil solidification, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for sustainable geotechnical applications.