观赏蝴蝶规模化人工养殖及蝴蝶自然景观构建关键技术

项目通过15年研究，突破了蝴蝶规模繁殖和野外自然景观构建关键技术，取得以下突破和创新： 1.首次建立了国内观赏蝴蝶活体种质资源库，保存了25种蝴蝶和107种寄主植物：引种和保存了25种观赏蝴蝶和107种蝴蝶寄主植物资源， 掌握了其生物学特征，为规模化人工养殖奠定了资源基础。 2.建立了蝴蝶规模养殖技术。 筛选出优良寄主植物 24种，开发了寄主植物的栽培和管理技术、蝴蝶规模繁殖技术及病虫害控制技术等，实现了25种蝴蝶规模养殖，蝴蝶产量提高到 3.040万只 / 亩，增殖倍数提高 40-50倍，产量和养殖种类居于国内外领先水平。 3.掌握了蝴蝶成虫行为生态学特征及主要环境影响因子。阐明了蝴蝶成 虫围绕繁殖目标活动，付出时间和能量的顺序为：求偶和交配 > 飞翔 > 访花 > 产卵。根据这些行为特征，首次将蝴蝶成虫分为运动器官成熟、补充营养和促进生殖器官发育、求偶交配和产卵等4个阶段，分析总结了蝴蝶成虫行为规律，确定了蝴蝶放飞的最佳时段。 4.通过多种蝴蝶对颜色和气味的趋性研究，掌握了主要观赏蝴蝶成虫化 学生态学特征、视觉和嗅觉信息利用规律。分析了主要蝴蝶成虫、蜜源植物和寄主植物的挥发物，掌握了主要观赏蝴蝶之间、蝴蝶与寄主和蜜源植物之间的主要化学通讯物质，为研发蝴蝶诱集技术提供了科学依据。 5.首创了“嗜好性诱导”提高蝴蝶觅食能力技术。采用此方法，用特殊 标志性食物训练蝴蝶，有效排除了自然界其他挥发物对蝴蝶的影响，野外诱集 率达 60%以上。 6.研发出蝴蝶自然景观构建技术，突破了野外难以形成蝴蝶景观的瓶颈。 根据蝴蝶对挥发物和颜色的选择特性，构建不同颜色的仿生花藤和花柱景观，在花藤和花柱上喷洒引诱剂，放飞经过嗜好性诱导学习的蝴蝶，营造出彩蝶飞舞的景观效果，解决了野外难以形成蝴蝶景观的难题。项目发表论文83篇（其 中 SCI 8篇），获授权专利14项（发明6项，实用新型8项），出版专著4部。

This project, after 15 years of research, has broken through key technologies for large-scale butterfly breeding and wild natural landscape construction, achieving the following breakthroughs and innovations:

1. For the first time, established a domestic live germplasm resource bank for ornamental butterflies, preserving 25 butterfly species and 107 host plant species: Introduced and conserved 25 ornamental butterfly and 107 butterfly host plant resources, mastered their biological characteristics, and laid a solid resource foundation for large-scale artificial breeding.

2. Established large-scale butterfly breeding technologies. Screened 24 excellent host plant species, developed cultivation and management techniques for host plants, large-scale butterfly breeding technologies, and pest and disease control technologies, realizing large-scale breeding of 25 butterfly species. The butterfly yield reached 30,400 individuals per mu, with the multiplication factor increased by 40-50 times, and the yield and breeding species rank among the leading level domestically and internationally.

3. Mastered the behavioral and ecological characteristics of adult butterflies and major environmental influencing factors. Clarified that the order of time and energy expenditure for adult butterflies' activities centered around reproductive goals is: courtship and mating > flight > flower visiting > oviposition. Based on these behavioral characteristics, adult butterflies were for the first time divided into four stages: mature motor organs, supplementary nutrition and reproductive organ development promotion, courtship and mating, and oviposition. The behavioral rules of adult butterflies were analyzed and summarized, and the optimal release time for butterflies was determined.

4. Through studies on the taxis of multiple butterfly species towards colors and odors, mastered the chemical ecological characteristics of major ornamental butterfly adults and the utilization rules of visual and olfactory information. Analyzed the volatiles of major adult butterflies, nectar plants and host plants, and mastered the main chemical communication substances between major ornamental butterflies, and between butterflies and their host or nectar plants, providing a scientific basis for the development of butterfly trapping technologies.

5. Pioneered the "preference induction" technology to improve the foraging ability of butterflies. Using this method, butterflies were trained with special marker foods, effectively eliminating the impact of other natural volatiles on butterflies, with a field trapping rate of over 60%.

6. Developed butterfly natural landscape construction technologies, breaking through the bottleneck of difficult formation of butterfly landscapes in the wild. According to the selection characteristics of butterflies towards volatiles and colors, constructed bionic flower vines and flower columns, sprayed attractants on the flower vines and columns, and released butterflies that had undergone preference induction training, creating a landscape effect of colorful butterflies dancing in the air, thus solving the long-standing problem of difficult formation of butterfly landscapes in the wild.

The project has published 83 academic papers (including 8 SCI papers), obtained 14 authorized patents (6 invention patents and 8 utility model patents), and published 4 monographs.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了观赏蝴蝶规模化人工养殖及自然景观构建的关键技术，包括建立了25种蝴蝶的种质资源库、开发了规模养殖技术、研究了蝴蝶行为生态学特征，并首创了提高蝴蝶觅食能力的技术。这些成果为蝴蝶的人工养殖和自然景观构建提供了科学依据和技术支持。