Sargassum Composition and Pre- and Posttreatment Procedures

This supplementary material provides comprehensive information about the composition of various Sargassum species. Additionally, pretreatment procedures including harvesting, washing, drying, grinding, and optional chemical treatments to optimize biomass quality prior to synthesizing carbon materials, and their effect on the Sargassum characteristics are described. Finally, posttreatment methods encompass filtration, washing, drying, and activation processes to enhance carbon material properties are presented. Activation techniques include physical activation using CO₂ or steam, chemical activation with agents like KOH or H₃PO₄, and self-activation utilizing compounds naturally occurring in the biomass. These processes can increase surface areas to over 1000 m²/g and introduce functional groups for enhanced performance. The data describe a systematic approach and support the synthesis methods discussed in the manuscript for converting Sargassum into valuable solid carbon materials.