Co-application of biochar-based organic fertilizer and green manure for rapid elevation of soil organic matter in arable soils

This dataset contains raw sequencing data from a soil microbial community analysis conducted as part of a field experiment investigating rapid soil organic matter (SOM) enhancement strategies. The study evaluated the synergistic effects of co-applying biochar-based organic fertilizer (BOF) and *Vicia villosa* Roth green manure (GM), comparing this treatment to sole BOF application and a no-amendment control. The experimental design aimed to address SOM depletion in arable systems by assessing impacts on SOM dynamics, soil physicochemical properties, nutrient utilization, and microbial community structure. Metagenomic and/or amplicon sequencing data (e.g., 16S rRNA gene and ITS region) are provided, capturing the shifts in bacterial and fungal communities resulting from the amendments. Specifically, the data detail the enrichment of key bacterial genera involved in nitrogen cycling (such as *Anaeromyxobacter* associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and saprotrophic fungi implicated in organic matter decomposition. These microbial profiles are central to understanding the observed improvements in nutrient availability, enzyme activities, and the facilitated transformation of labile carbon into stable SOM fractions. The accompanying study demonstrates that BOF+GM co-application significantly increased soil organic carbon, improved nutrient uptake efficiency, and reduced the global warming potential per unit of SOM increase, establishing it as a viable strategy for sustainable agricultural intensification.