Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2004-2005 - Pakistan

Abstract
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The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage
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National, excluding military restricted areas

Analysis unit
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Individual, Household, Children Under Five-Years of Age, Ever Married Women 15-49 Years of Age

Universe
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The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Sampling Frame: Federal Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame, which was up-dated in 2003. Each city/town has been divided into enumeration blocks consisting of 200-250 households identifiable through sketch map. Each enumeration block has been classified into three categories of income groups i.e. low, middle and high keeping in view the living standard of the majority of the people. List of villages published by Population Census Organization obtained as a consequence of Population Census 1998 has been taken as rural frame.

Stratification Plan:
A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur Peshawar and Quetta, have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized city (s), the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum.
B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated as an independent stratum.

Sample Size and Its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 74420 households comprising 5204 sample village/enumeration blocks, which is expected to produce reliable results at each district. However, the total sample size including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Northern Area (NA) and FATA is 76520 households.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.

Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages and enumeration blocks in urban and rural areas respectively have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique.
Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban area have been selected respectively using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Detailed sampling plan is attached as Appendix A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round I include education, health, immunisation, diarrhoea, its treatment, and pre and post-natal care, housing conditions and access to basic services and amenities. Information on utilisation of Health and Educational facilities in rural PSUs has also been collected and outcome of which will be made part of provincial/district level reports.

Cleaning operations
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Regional/Field Offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level.
Data entry programme used had a number of built-in consistency checks.

Response rate
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Non-response in the entire survey is negligible.

Data appraisal
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To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.

{'A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur Peshawar and Quetta, have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized city (s), the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum.': 'A. 城市领域：伊斯兰堡、拉合尔、古杰兰瓦拉、费萨尔巴德、拉瓦尔品第、木尔坦、巴哈瓦尔布尔、萨戈达、西亚科特、卡拉奇、海得拉巴、苏库尔、佩什瓦和奎达被视为大型城市。这些城市中的每一个都构成一个独立的层，并根据低收入、中收入和高收入进一步分层。排除大型城市（们）的人口后，各省各地区的剩余城市人口被合并在一起，形成一个层。', 'The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.': '本调查的总体包括四个省份和伊斯兰堡的所有城市和农村地区，不包括军事禁地。', '## 回答时必须按照如下格式，且不能包含注释信息，确保你的输出能够被.load()方法解析：': '', 'Sampling Frame: Federal Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame, which was up-dated in 2003. Each city/town has been divided into enumeration blocks consisting of 200-250 households identifiable through sketch map. Each enumeration block has been classified into three categories of income groups i.e. low, middle and high keeping in view the living standard of the majority of the people. List of villages published by Population Census Organization obtained as a consequence of Population Census 1998 has been taken as rural frame.': '抽样框架：联邦统计局已开发了自己的城市区域框架，该框架于2003年进行了更新。每个城市/城镇被划分为由200-250户家庭组成的划片，这些家庭可通过草图地图识别。每个划片根据大多数人的生活水平被划分为三个收入组类别，即低收入、中收入和高收入。1998年人口普查后由人口普查机构发布的村庄名单被用作农村框架。', 'Analysis unit': '分析单位', 'Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.': '样本设计：本调查采用了两阶段分层样本设计。', 'At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round I include education, health, immunisation, diarrhoea, its treatment, and pre and post-natal care, housing conditions and access to basic services and amenities. Information on utilisation of Health and Educational facilities in rural PSUs has also been collected and outcome of which will be made part of provincial/district level reports.': '在个人和家庭层面，PSLM调查通过综合问卷收集了广泛主题的信息。问卷包含多个不同部分，每部分都考察家庭行为或福利的特定方面。第一轮收集的数据包括教育、健康、免疫、腹泻、其治疗、产前产后护理、住房条件和基本服务及便利设施的获取。同时收集了农村PSUs中健康和教育设施利用情况的信息，这些信息将作为省级/地区级报告的一部分。', 'Research instrument': '研究工具', 'Individual, Household, Children Under Five-Years of Age, Ever Married Women 15-49 Years of Age': '个人，家庭，五岁以下儿童，15-49岁已婚妇女', 'Non-response in the entire survey is negligible.': '整个调查中的非响应率可以忽略不计。', 'B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated as an independent stratum.': 'B. 农村领域：巴基斯坦四个省份的每个地区都被视为一个独立的层。', 'Cleaning operations': '数据清洗操作', 'Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages and enumeration blocks in urban and rural areas respectively have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique.': '选择一级抽样单位（PSUs）：城市和农村地区的村庄和划片分别被选为一级抽样单位（PSUs）。使用PPS（概率比例抽样）方法从层/亚层中选择样本PSUs。', 'Data entry programme used had a number of built-in consistency checks.': '所使用的数据录入程序具有多项内置一致性检查。', 'Abstract': '摘要', 'Stratification Plan:': '分层计划：', 'Response rate': '响应率', 'Universe': '总体', 'Face-to-face [f2f]': '面对面[f2f]', "These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example.": '这些包括中间以及‘产出’指标，用于评估社会部门所提供的内容，例如教育入学率。', 'Sampling procedure': '抽样程序', 'Sample survey data [ssd]': '样本调查数据[ssd]', 'Detailed sampling plan is attached as Appendix A of the survey report.': '详细的抽样计划作为调查报告的附录A。', 'Regional/Field Offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level.': '地区/现场办公室通过在其办公室层面进行初步编辑来确保数据质量。', 'Data appraisal': '数据评估', 'An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.': 'PSLM调查的重要目标是尝试确定PRSP的分配影响。政策制定者需要知道，例如，贫困人口是否从该计划中受益，或者增加的政府在社会保障部门的支出是否被较富裕的人群所攫取。', "They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.": '它们还包括一系列‘结果’指标，用于评估人口福祉，例如免疫率。', 'National, excluding military restricted areas': '全国范围，不包括军事禁地', '---------------------------': '', 'Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban area have been selected respectively using systematic sampling technique with a random start.': '选择二级抽样单位（SSUs）：样本PSUs内的家庭被选为二级抽样单位（SSUs）。分别使用系统抽样技术并随机开始，从农村和城市地区的每个样本PSUs中选择指定数量的家庭，即16户和12户。', 'To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.': '为了确定估计的可靠性，已计算出变异系数（CVs）和重要关键指标的信度限，并将其作为调查报告的附录B。', "The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.": 'It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP.": "该调查提供了一系列基于代表性人口统计的社會指標及其在減貧戰略文檔（PRSP）下的進展估計。', 'Mode of data collection': '数据收集方式', 'Kind of data': '数据类型', 'Sample Size and Its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 74420 households comprising 5204 sample village/enumeration blocks, which is expected to produce reliable results at each district. However, the total sample size including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Northern Area (NA) and FATA is 76520 households.': '样本量和分配：考虑到调查的目标，四个省份的样本量被确定为74420户家庭，包括5204个样本村庄/划片，预计在每个地区都能产生可靠的结果。然而，包括阿扎德克什米尔（AJK）、北方地区（NA）和联邦部落地区（FATA）在内的总样本量为76520户家庭。', 'Geographic coverage': '地理覆盖范围'}