Supplemental data from: Intraspecific facial bite marks in tyrannosaurids provide insight into sexual maturity and evolution of bird-like intersexual display

Intraspecific aggression, or agonism, is a widespread intrasexual selective behavior important to understanding animal behavioral ecology and reproductive systems. Such behavior can be studied either by direct observation or inferred from wound/scar frequency in extant species, but is difficult to document in extinct taxa, limiting understanding of its evolution. Among extant archosaurs, crocodylians display extensive intrasexual aggression, whereas birds show extreme visual/vocal intersexual display. The evolutionary origin of this behavioral divergence, and pattern in non-avian dinosaurs, is unknown. Here we document the morphology, frequency, and ontogeny of intraspecific facial bite lesions (324 lesions) in a large sample of tyrannosaurids (202 specimens, 528 elements) to infer patterns of intraspecific aggression in non-avian theropods. Facial scars are consistent in position and orientation across tyrannosaurid species, suggesting bites were inflicted due to repeated/postured beha..., See Materials and Methods sections of the paper for methods details. Supplemental data consists of: supplementary text document, including 11 supplementary figures (Figures S1–S11), 11 supplementary tables (Tables S1–11), legends for the eight supplementary datasets (Datasets S1 to S8) (as external files: .xls, .pdf), and supplementary references. 

Supplementary Datasets:

Dataset S1 (separate .pdf file): Line drawings of tyrannosaur cranial elements (1-79) showing position of healed/healing intraspecific bite mark lesions.  Red indicates marks that are incised and porous while orange indicated marks that are smooth or raised.  Multiple marks on an element are numbered using roman numerals from rostral to caudal.  Grey areas indicate reconstruction or broken surfaces. See Supplemental Dataset S2 for quantitative data for each specimen and mark.  Only specimens with lesions are illustrated. Number corresponds to column I in Dataset S2. Data u..., ,