Development trends and implications of muti-objective marine environmental forecasting technology

With the continuous expansion of global maritime activities and the steady advancement of the “maritime power” strategy, marine environmental security has become a top priority for China. In deep-sea areas, various environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, sound velocity, wave dynamics, internal solitary waves, and nearshore rip currents play a crucial role in navigation safety and underwater equipment operations. Nevertheless, traditional single-parameter forecasting models are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of multi-objective environmental protection. As a result, there is a growing need for a high-resolution, multi-objective forecasting system that integrates basic oceanographic element predictions (such as temperature, salinity, and current fields) with specific process warnings (such as rip currents, shore waves, and internal solitary waves). This trend has been further accelerated by the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, which has been deeply integrated with traditional numerical simulations and data assimilation techniques. This study provides a systematic review of the development trajectory and cutting-edge advancements in multi-objective marine forecasting technologies. It also summarizes progress both domestically and internationally, analyzes core challenges, and proposes development insights from perspectives of observation networks, forecasting models, and interdisciplinary integration, aiming to provide references for building a self-reliant, world-leading next-generation marine environmental security system.