Data for: Modeling of spatial pattern and influencing factors of cultivated land quality based on spatial-temporal big data (PONE-D-21-21084R1)

The quality of cultivated land determines the production capacity of
cultivated land and the level of regional development, and also directly
affects the food security and ecological safety of the country. This paper
starts from the perspective of spatial pattern of cultivated land quality
and uses spatial autocorrelation analysis to study the spatial aggregation
characteristics and differences of cultivated land quality in Henan
Province at the county level scale, and also uses bivariate spatial
autocorrelation to analyze the influence of neighboring influences on the
quality of cultivated land in the target area. The spatial autoregressive
model was used to further analyze the driving factors affecting the
quality of cultivated land, and the influence of cultivated land area
index was coupled in the process of rating analysis, which was finally
used as a basis to propose more precise measures for the protection of
cultivated land zoning. The results show that: (1) The quality of
cultivated land in Henan Province has a strong spatial correlation (global
Moran's I≈0.710) and shows an obvious aggregation pattern in spatial
distribution; positive correlation types (high-high and low-low) are
concentrated in north-central and western mountainous areas of Henan
Province, respectively; negative correlation types are
discrete. The negative correlation types are distributed in a
discrete manner. (2) The bivariate spatial autocorrelation results show
that Slope (Moran's I≈-0.505), Irrigation guarantee
rate (IGR, 0.354), Urbanization rate (-0.255),
Total agricultural machinery power (TAMP, 0.331) and
Pesticide use (0.214) are the main influencing factors. (3)
According to the absolute values of the regression coefficients, it can be
seen that the magnitude of the influence of different factors on the
quality of cultivated land is:
Slope (0.089) >IGR (0.025) > Urbanization rate (0.002) > TAMP (0.001) > Pesticide use (1.96e-006). (4) Based on the spatial pattern presented by the spatial autocorrelation results, we proposed corresponding protection zoning measures to provide more scientific reference decisions and technical support for the implementation of refined cultivated land management in Henan Province.