Measurement of Fe3+ content and its genesis in lunar soil glass by in situ HEFRD XANES spectroscopy

This proposal is a continuation of proposal ES-1676, focusing on the use of synchrotron-based High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detection X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopy to determine the valence state and concentration of iron ions in 250 selected volcanic glasses, impact glasses, and deep lunar mantle materials returned by the Chang’e-5 (CE-5) and Chang’e-6 (CE-6) missions. The study aims to provide new insights into: (1) the redox differences between volcanic glasses and mantle materials (endogenic processes) from the lunar near side and far side; and (2) the redox differences between impact glasses (exogenic processes) from the lunar near side and far side. This will help to elucidate the redox reactions induced by lunar endogenic and exogenic processes, their characteristic products, and the differences between the near side and far side of the Moon.