Acute Effects of Single Doses of Bonito Fish Peptides and Vitamin D on Whole Blood Gene Expression Levels

Fish contains high quality proteins and essential nutrients including vitamin D (VitD3). Fish peptide consumption can lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and studies showed an association between VitD3 deficiency, CVD and CVD risk factors such as diabetes. This study investigated acute effects of a single dose of VitD3, bonito fish peptide hydrolysate (BPH), or a combination of both on CVD risk factors and whole blood gene expression levels. A randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trial was conducted in 22 adults. They ingested, in random order and at 7-day intervals, 1000 IU of VitD3, 3g of BPH, a combination of both, or a placebo. A 180 min oral glucose tolerance test was done. Differences in whole-genome expression levels after vs. before each supplementation were computed for 18 subjects. We observed that 16, 1 and 5 transcripts were differentially expressed post- vs. pre-ingestion for VitD3, BPH or VitD3+BPH treatments, respectively. VitD3-containing treatments affected the SLC25A20 gene involved in fatty acid oxidation, various transcription factors and genes related to glucose metabolism. These results suggest that VitD3 rapidly modulates genes related to CVD risk factors in blood while BPH seems to moderately modulate gene expression levels. A randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trial was conducted on gene expression levels in 18 adults. They ingested, in random order and at 7-day intervals, 1000 IU of VitD3, 3g of bonito fish peptide hydrolysate, a combination of both, or a placebo.