Parameters for G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) module with propensity and stoichiometry vectors.

Parameter values for reaction no. 1–10 are from [42]; for reaction no. 11–26, the values were estimated to match the experimental observations from [43, 44]; for reaction no. 27–28, the values were obtained by minimizing the difference between the responses of full- and reduced-order system. The diffusion constants for all the GPCRs are assumed to be 2.7 × 10−2 μm2s−1 [45]. The total number of receptor molecules followed a Gaussian distribution with mean and standard deviation of 70,000 and 5,000 molecules, respectively.